Health Corner

Why Does Obesity Increase the Risk of Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease involving the breakdown of cartilage. Obese individuals have up to a fourfold higher risk of developing it, especially in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips.

How Does Obesity Gradually Damage the Joints?

• Excessive mechanical stress: Every additional kilogram of body weight increases the load on the knees by four times, similar to constantly walking while carrying a heavy backpack.

• Cartilage wear and tear: Continuous pressure makes the joint cartilage thinner and harder, reducing its cushioning ability.

• Inflammation: Abdominal fat releases harmful substances that trigger inflammation and swelling in the tissues around the joints.

• Vicious cycle: Joint pain limits mobility, which worsens obesity. Obese individuals are twice as likely to require joint replacement surgery.

What Are the Symptoms of Obesity-Related Osteoarthritis?

• Early stage: Morning stiffness, mild pain, and reduced flexibility.

• Middle stage: Increased pain during weight-bearing activities, joint swelling, and creaking sounds when moving.

• Late stage: Persistent pain, difficulty walking, and higher risk of disability.

How to Effectively Manage Obesity-Related Osteoarthritis

• Weight loss is essential: Losing 10 kg can reduce knee pain by 50% and improve function by 30%.

• Exercise recommendations:

  • Choose low-impact exercises such as swimming or water walking.

  • Strengthen thigh muscles to reduce knee stress.

• Nutritional supplements: Glucosamine and vitamin D may support joint health.

• Physical therapy: Heat therapy and ultrasound can relieve pain.

• Surgical options: Joint replacement should be considered in severe cases.

How to Prevent Joint Damage Caused by Obesity

• Maintain a healthy weight: Keep BMI below 25; aim for a waist circumference under 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women.

• Joint protection habits:

  • Wear shock-absorbing sports shoes.

  • Avoid prolonged heavy lifting and frequent stair climbing.

  • Ensure daily calcium intake of about 1000 mg.

• Regular screening: People over 50 should get annual knee and hip X-rays.

Obesity can seriously harm knee joint health. If you experience joint pain or other related symptoms, seek medical advice promptly for comprehensive examination and early management to prevent complications of joint degeneration.