Health Corner

What Is Hypothyroidism?

• Hypothyroidism (often called “underactive thyroid”) means the thyroid gland in the front of the neck produces insufficient thyroid hormones.

• Thyroid hormones regulate how the body uses energy—they act like the body’s “accelerator pedal.” When levels are too low, metabolism slows down.

• The condition is more common in adult women, but it can affect people of any age or gender.

Why Does Hypothyroidism Lead to Weight Gain?

• Slower metabolism: The body burns calories more slowly. Even if you eat and exercise the same as before, fewer calories are used, leading to gradual weight gain.

• Fluid and salt retention: Low thyroid function makes the body more likely to retain water. Mild swelling may appear in the hands, feet, face, eyelids, or limbs. The extra weight isn’t just fat but also “water weight.”

• Fatigue and inactivity: Feeling tired, sleepy, or lazy reduces daily activity. Less movement means fewer calories burned, creating a vicious cycle of “the more tired you feel, the less active you are—and the more weight you gain.”

• Low body temperature and cold intolerance: Reduced thyroid hormones lower body temperature and heat production, decreasing fat-burning efficiency.

Besides Weight Gain, What Are Common Symptoms?

• Persistent fatigue, poor concentration, low mood.

• Feeling cold easily, cold hands and feet.

• Dry skin, hair loss, brittle nails.

• Constipation, poor appetite but weight still increasing.

• In women, heavier and irregular periods.

• Slow heartbeat, slow reaction, or hoarse voice.

How Is Hypothyroidism Diagnosed?

• Blood tests: Measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels.

• Antibody tests: To check for autoimmune causes such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

• Thyroid ultrasound: To evaluate gland size and structure.

Can Weight Gain from Hypothyroidism Be Reversed?

In most cases, yes—with proper treatment and management:

• Medication: Daily thyroid hormone replacement prescribed by a doctor.

• Lifestyle adjustments: Once hormone levels stabilize, gradually increase light to moderate exercise (e.g., brisk walking, jogging, swimming) and adopt a low-fat, low-sugar diet.

• Stress management: Maintaining good emotional health helps balance the endocrine system.

Weight Management Tips for People with Hypothyroidism

• Do not stop medication or change dosage on your own. Follow your doctor’s instructions and attend regular check-ups.

• Aim for slow, steady weight loss—about 1–2 kg per month.

• Avoid taking thyroid-related supplements without medical advice. Consult your doctor or dietitian first.

• Inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking to avoid drug interactions.

Who Should Pay Special Attention to Thyroid Function and Weight Changes?

• Middle-aged or older women.

• Individuals with autoimmune conditions or a family history of thyroid disease.

• Women who have recently given birth, as postpartum thyroid changes are common.

• People who feel constantly tired and cannot explain sudden weight gain.

Hypothyroidism can seriously affect weight and metabolism. If you notice unexplained weight gain or related symptoms, seek medical assessment early. Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term complications.