Health Corner

Scarlet Fever: What Parents Need to Know

April marks the seasonal transition, a period when scarlet fever infections become more common—especially among schoolchildren aged 5 to 15, who are the most vulnerable group.
Scarlet fever is not a frightening disease; with proper treatment, recovery usually occurs quickly.
However, as with any illness, prevention and awareness are essential—especially for parents who should be familiar with key facts about this infection.

Is Scarlet Fever a Bacterial Infection?

Scarlet fever is caused by a bacterial infection of Group A Streptococcus and spreads mainly through respiratory droplets.
Unlike a common cold, although fever is a symptom, scarlet fever rarely causes a runny nose or cough.
Instead, patients often develop a sore throat and a sandpaper‑like rash on the skin.

The rash generally does not itch, and with proper antibiotic treatment, it usually fades within about one week after onset.

Are Antibiotics Necessary to Treat Scarlet Fever?

Yes. Antibiotics are the primary and most effective treatment for scarlet fever.
However, there is a common misconception that antibiotics should be stopped once symptoms improve to avoid “resistance.”This is completely incorrect. Antibiotic misuse happens when antibiotics are taken unnecessarily—such as using them for viral illnesses like the common cold, where there are no bacteria to kill. In contrast, scarlet fever is a bacterial infection, so antibiotics are essential. Doctors typically prescribe a 5‑ to 10‑day course of antibiotics depending on the child’s condition and always remind parents to complete the full course to ensure all bacteria are eliminated from the body.

What Complications Can Scarlet Fever Cause?

Doctors emphasize completing the entire course because, although scarlet fever is easily treatable, it can cause serious complications if untreated or inadequately treated.
These may include:

• Middle ear infection (otitis media)

• Throat abscess

• Pneumonia

• Meningitis

• Damage to the kidneys, liver, or heart

Hence, completing the full antibiotic treatment and allowing adequate rest is crucial.

How Can Scarlet Fever Be Prevented?

1. Maintain good personal hygiene and wash hands frequently.

2. Wear a mask when ill, since the infection spreads through respiratory droplets.

3. During spring peak seasons, avoid visiting crowded or high‑risk environments such as children’s play areas or ball pits.

What Should Parents Pay Attention To?

1. Keep indoor air well ventilated, and spend time outdoors for fresh air.

2. If a child is infected, they should stay home from school or daycare until they have been fever‑free and on antibiotics for at least 24 hours.

3. If your child shows any signs of discomfort, seek medical care promptly.
   With proper treatment, fever usually subsides within one to two days, and the rash will gradually fade within a week.

Paediatric Specialist

The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only.
You should consult your doctor for medical advice and should not rely solely on this content.